Cenozoic Life
Cenozoic Vertebrates  |  Elephants  |  Horses  |  The Family Titanotheres  |  Order Litopterna  |  Order Primates (exclusion of Man, 758)
Tertiary Rocks and Their History  |  Diceratherium Bed, Sioux County, Nebraska  |  Eocene Vertebrates  |  Oligocene Vertebrates  |  Miocene Rocks and History  |  Miocene Rocks and History. Moicene, Lamar River, Yellowstone National Park  |  Miocene Vertebrates  |  Pliocene Vertebrates  |  Petrified Forest, Calistoga, California, Upper Tertiary  |  Pleistocene Rocks and History  |  Great Lakes  |  Europe  |  Pleistocene Vertebrates  |  Late Pleistocene — Early Quaternary Vertebrates.  |  Tar Pits, Rancho-le-Brea, Los Angeles, California  |  The Johnstown, Ohio, Mastodon  |  The Warren Mastodon  |  The Cleveland Mammoth

 

CENOZOIC LIFE
714.A.1	Recent families of the Perissodactyls, horses, tapirs, rhinocerases.
714.A.2	Family tree of the Perissodactyls, Eocene to recent.
714.A.3	Evolution of the Perissodactyls, Eocene to present. Restorations of the heads of Eocene ancestors and terminal forms of tapir, Rhinoceras, horse and titanotherium.
714.A.4	Recent mammals.
714.A.5	Mammalian Radiation, Miocene to Recent.
714.A.6	Mammalian Radiation, Eocene to Recent.
714.A.7	Mammalian Radiation, Paleocene to Recent.
714.A.8	Mammalian Radiation, Jurassic to Recent.
CENOZOIC VERTEBRATES
ELEPHANTS
(Also see under 748.A, B, C, D and E, 756.I.)
714.B.1	A Miocene Mastodon. Tetrabelodon anguatidiens.
714.B.2	Proboscidian evolutional types. Smallest is Moeritherium upper Eocene, Egypt; below it is Paleomastodon, lower Oligocene, Egypt; upper right, Tetrabelodon, Miocene, France.
714.B.3	Miocene Mastodon, Trilophodon. Pleistocene Elephas imperator.
714.B.4	The hairy mammoth of Europe, Elephas primigenius Pleistocene, contemporary with early man.
714.B.5	The American mastodon, Mastodon Americanus Pleistocene.
HORSES
714.C.1	Hyracotherium Eohippus venticolum. Lower Eocene, (Wind River).
714.C.2	Eohippus (Restoration by Knight) Lower Eocene, Rocky Mountain Region, US.
714.C.3	Eocene Eohippus, and Miocene Hypohippus osborni.
714.C.4	Miocene horse, Mesohippus Bairdii.
714.C.5	Evolution of the horse. (2 slides)
714.C.6	Diagram illustrating the development of the horse family.
714.C.6a	Evolution of horse. Feet and molars. After Marsh from Lull.
714.C.7	Horse family, evolution of the fore and hind feet.
714.C.8	Phylogeny of the horse, diagramatic.
714.C.9	Man and horse to contrast special functional and structural adaptations, resulting in control of horse by man.
714.C.10	Skeleton of race horse, Sysonby. Mounted in American Museum of Natural History, New York City.
714.C.11	Rearing horse and man. mounted in American Museum of Natural History New York City.
714.C.12	Horse and man, for comparison of all joints in both limbs. The control by man. Horse said to be an Arab stallion, Roseyn, own in the United States.
THE FAMILY TITANOTHERES
714.D.1	Titanothere Family. First fragment founf in the Badlands of South Dakota, figured in 1847 as Palaeotherium, (Palaeotherium is a primitive Eocen forerunner of the horse).
714.D.2	Restoration of Brontotherium platyceras. Titanotherium beds Chadron Formation, Oligocene, Black Hills, South Dakota.
714.D.3	Titanothere Family. Map showing distribution of Titanotheres throughout the world.
714.D.4	Titanothere Family. Restoration of 9 species, lower Eocen to lower Oligocene.
714.D.5	Titanothere Family. Evolution of the skeleton.
714.D.6	Titanothere Family. Evolution of the skull and molar teeth. Lower Eocene to lower Oligocene.
714.D.7	Titanothere Family. Middle Eocen section of Bridger Basin, Wyoming, with zonal ditribution of species of the palaeosyopine group of titanotheres. Skulls of 3 genera of this group showing the slight difference in extremes of shape in this group.
714.D.8	Titanothere Family, last stages of their history.
714.D.9	Titanotherium Family. Geological and Geographical range of sub-families and certain genera of titanotheres.
714.D.10	Titanothere Family. Family tree of the American titanotheres.
ORDER LITOPTERNA
714.E.1	The Litopterna, 2 Miocene forms from South America showing evolution of feet parallel to that of the horse family, but in a different order.
ORDER PRIMATES (exclusion of Man, 758)
714.F.1	Tarsius. (Order Primates, Sub. O. Tarsioidea.) The Spectral Tarsier, a Primitive, nocturnal, from Borneo, about as big as 2-weeks kitten. Feeds on fruit and insects, entirely arboreal leaping from branch to branch (not climbing) with extraordinary rapidity. Note grasping hands and feet, flat discs on digits for extra grasping surface, large eyes and capacity for stereoscopic vision. Ancestral forms in Eocene of Europe and N. America.
714.F.2	Order Primates, Sub-order Tarsioidea.
714.F.3	.Aye aye, living in Madagascar.
TERTIARY ROCKS AND THEIR HISTORY
716.A.1	Paleogeographic maps, Upper Oligocene-lower Miocene.
716.A.2	Paleogeographic maps, Upper Miocene-Pliocene.
716.A.3	Sketch map of Europe during Eocene (Lutetian).
716.A.4	Chief fossil mammal deposits of western North America.
716.A.5	Inter-mountain basins and plains areas of sedimentation of Eocene and Oligocene times. Rocky Mountain Region.
716.A.6	Skeleton of an ox, in the open, slowly being scattered by natural agents. In buried under river sediments, might become a fossil. Niobrara Valley, Cook Ranch, Agate Springs, Nebraska.
716.A.7	Bones of a Miocene Rhinoceras, Diceratherium, weathering from the rock. Niobrara Valley, Cook Ranch, (Harold Cook), Agate, Nebr.
716.A.8	Eocene and lower Oligocene. Nine vertical columns in different parts of the Rocky Mountain Region, to show how they overlap, how fossil zones extend through different sections and how a complete column is built up.
716.A.9	Section of Upper Cretaceous (Lance) and basal Eocene (Fort Union). Sweet Grass County, Montana.
716.A.10	Detailed section of lower Eocene, San Juan basin, NE. New Mexico.
716.A.11	Earliest or “Basal” Eocene (Puerco) with archaic mammals resting unconformably on Cretaceous (Ojo Alamo) with dinosaurs. See slide 716.A.10 for details. San Juan Basin, near Ojo Alamo, NW. New Mexico.
716.A.12	Earliest or “Basal” Eocene (Puerco) containing archaic mammals. See slide 716.A.10 for details. San Juan Basin, near Ojo Alamo, NW. New Mexico.
716.A.13	“Lower” Eocene (Wasatch) resting unconformably on top of “Basal” Eocene (Torrejon). See slide 716.A.10 for details. San Juan Basin, near Ojo Alamo, NW. New Mexico.
716.A.14	Section of lower and middle Eocene and basal Oligocene. Big Horn and Clark Fork basins, Wyoming.
716.A.15	Lower part of “Lower” Eocene, Wasatch formation. Excavating Eohippus skeleton from the “Eohippus zone”. This zone shows the first appearance of the modernized animals. Systemodon zone overlying and to the rear. See slide 716.A.14 for details\. Near Otta, Big Horn Basin, N. Wyoming.
716.A.16	Lower part of “Lower” Eocene, Wasatch Formation. Eohippus-Coryphodon zone, where the earliest modernized mammals appear. Distant mountains, a range of older rocks, defining the basin. See slide 716.A.14 for details. Little Sand Coulee, Big Horn Basin, N. Wyoming.
716.A.17	Two sections of the lower and middle and upper Eocene and Oligocene in different parts of the Wind River basin, Fremont County, Wyoming.
716.A.18	“Lower” Eocene. Middle part, Wasatch Formation, Heptodon (an early Tapir) Coryphodon, Eohippus zone. Distant hills are Paleozoics. See slide 716.A.17 for detail. Wind River Basin, central Wyoming.
716.A.19	Upper part of “Lower” Eocene, Wind River Formation. Lambdotherium zone. At this locality were found Lambdotherium and two species of Eotitanops, the three oldest and most primitive members of the Titanothere line. See slide 716.A.17 for relations. Wind River basin, central Wyoming.
716.A.20	Middle Eocene, Bridger Formation (Bed B). Paleosyops zone. (an early titanothere). Walter Granger excavating skull of Limnohyops. See slide 716.A.8 and 714.D.7 for position in column, and skull. Grizzly Buttes, Bridger Basin, SW. Wyoming.
716.A.21	Top of the Eocene, and base of Oligocene. See slide 716.A.17 for relations. Wagonbed Spring, Wind River Basin, central Wyoming.
716.A.22	Section of the Oligocene and basal Miocene resting on upper Cretaceous, Pierre Shale. Big Badlands, SW. corner S. Dakota.
716.A.23	Titanotherium beds near mouth of Indian Creek, lower Oligocene, Chadron Formation, Big Badlands, Cheyenne River, South Dakota.
716.A.24	Lower Oligocene. White River Group. See slide 716.A.22 for relations. Quinn Draw, Big Badlands, South Dakota.
716.A.25	Lower Oligocene, White River Group. See slide 716.A.22 for relations. Off of Cheyenne River, Big Balands, S. Dakota.
716.A.26	Lower Oligocene. Pointed buttes, Brule Formation, Oreodon beds. Rounded surfaces, Chadron Formation. Titanotherium beds. Big Badlands, South Dakota.
716.A.27	Lance, Eocene and lower Oligocene. Diagram showing mammalian life zones in eleven correlated basins, New Mexico to Montana.
716.B.1	Pine Ridge, view east, northwardly facing escarpment overlooking the lowland S.E. of Black Hills. Oligocene (Chadron and Brule) in lowland; Miocene in escarpment, Rosebud (Monroe Creek) and Harrison Daemonilix beds at top. North of Harrison, Nebraska.
716.B.2	Pine Ridge, view west. Looking across Sow Belly Canyon, North of Harrison, Nebraska. Northwardly facing escarpment overlooking the lowland southeast of Black Hills. Oligocene (Chadron and Brule) in lowland; Miocene in escarpment, Rosebud (Monroe Creek) and Harrison Daemonilix beds at top.
716.B.3	Harrison Formation, Lower Oligocene. Sow Belly Canyon, north of Harrison Nebraska.
716.B.4	Pine ridge, view east along foot of escarpment. Upper Oligocene Brule Clay (Oreodon beds in foreground. Lower Miocene, Harrison Formation in rear. North of Harrison Nebraska.
DICERATHERIUM BED, SIOUX COUNTY, NEBRASKA
716.C.1	Diceratherium quarry, Cook Ranch, Agate Springs, Nebraska. The bed is at the base of the two hills (University Hill left, and Carnegie Hill, right), Harrison Formation, Lower Miocene.
716.C.2	Diceratherium Quarry, Cook Ranch, Agate Springs, Nebraska. Carnegie Hill, right, University Hill, in mid-distance. harrison Formation, Lower Miocene. captain Cook is searching the bone bed. Niobrara valley, left.
716.C.3	Diceratherium Quarry, Cook Ranch, Agate Springs, Nebraska. Carnegie and American Museum quarry in Carnegie Hill. Harrison Formation, Lower Miocene. Captain Cook is working on an exposed portion of the bone bed.
716.C.4	Dicerathium slab. Agate Springs Quarry, Cook Ranch, Sioux Co., Nebraska. Lower Miocene, Harrison Formation. 21 skulls are present in this block, 7 x 6 feet.
716.C.5	Dicerathium slab. Agate Springs Quarry, Cook Ranch, Sioux Co., Nebraska. Harrison Formation, Lower Miocene.
716.C.6	Agate Springs Quarry, Cook Ranch, Sioux County, Nebraska. Moropus bones in situ. Lower Miocene, Harrison Formation.
716.C.7	Agate Springs Ranch, Agate, Nebr. Niobrara River, here damed. Poplars have been planted. Sept. 1924.
716.C.8	Agate Springs Ranch, Agate, Nebr. Parking lot for visitors. Poplars have been planted. Sept. 1924.
716.C.9	Capt. James Cook, owner of Agate Springs Ranch, discoverer of Diceratherium bed, author of Fifty Years on the Old Frontier, father of Harold Cook. Sept. 1924.
EOCENE VERTEBRATES
728.-.1	Eocene ungulate; Wahsatch, Wyoming. Phenacodus primaevus, Cope.
728.-.2	Eocene amblypod; Wahsatch, Wyoming. Coryphodon hamatus, Marsh.
728.-.3	Eocene ungulate; Wyoming. Dinoceras mirabile, Marsh.
728.-.4	Eobasileus. (Restoration by Knight) Eocene, Wyoming.
728.-.5	Restoration of Coryphodon. Lower Eocene.
728.-.6	Eocene tapir. Paleotherium magnum, Cuvier.
728.-.7	A credodont, Patriofelis. Middle Eocene, Wyoming.
728.-.8	Eocene creodont, Dromocyon vorax; Bridger. S.W. Wyoming.
OLIGOCENE VERTEBRATES
733.-.1	Lower Oligocene Metamynodon, an aquatic rhinoceras.
733.-.2	Oligocene rhinoceras, Canopus occidentalis, S. Dakota.
733.-.3	Upper Oligocene; Proteceras celer; with restoration chased by sabre-toothed Dinictys. White River Formation, Brule Clay, S.D.
733.-.4	American Oligocene, dog of early type; Haenodon cruentus.
MIOCENE ROCKS AND HISTORY
736.B.1	Silicified tree stump in place, embedded in rhyolite ash, Florissant, Colorado.
736.B.2	Silicified tree stump in place, embedded in rhyolite ash, Florissant, Colorado.
736.B.3	Silicified tree stumps of Miocene, surrounded by growing trees. Florissant, Colorado.
MIOCENE ROCKS AND HISTORY. Miocene, lamar River, Yellowstone National Park.
736.C.1	Specimen Ridge, Lamar River, Yellowstone National Park, near Camp Roosevelt. In volcanic breccias from midway to top of hill, petrified upright tree trunks at 16 successive levels, probably many more levels, in 2000 feet thickness of breccias.
736.C.2	Specimen Ridge, overlooking Lamar River, Yellowstone National Park. Fossil tree trunks in volcanic tuffs and breccias. Lester F. Ward in photo, almost surely made in 1887.
736.C.3	Specimen Ridge, overlooking Lamar River, Yellowstone National Park. two petrified stumps, at successive levels, standing amid growing trees.
736.C.4	Specimen Ridge, overlooking Lamar River, Yellowstone National Park. Petrified stump of Sequoia magnifica, an extinct species.
736.C.5	Specimen Ridge, overlooking Lamar River, Yellowstone National Park. Volcanic breccias with standing petrified pines (below) Same in slide 736.C.2 and redwood at two levels (above) – note boy by redwood – Same in slide 736.C.4.
736.C.6	Thin section of petrified wood of extinct Sequoia magnifica, showing growth ring; from Specimen Ridge, Yellowstone National Park.
736.C.7	Thin section of petrified wood of extinct pine (Pityoxylon amethystinum) from Specimen Ridge, Yellowstone National Park.
736.C.8	Diagrammatic representation of conditions at Specimen Ridge, Yellowstone National Park.
MIOCENE VERTEBRATES
738.-.1	Miocene amphibian; Switzerland Andreas scheuchzeri. “Homo diluvi Testus”.
738.-.2	Miocene camel, Loup Fork, Nebraska. Oxydactylus longipes, Peterson.
738.-.3	Miocene monkey; Siwalk Hills, India. Mesopethicus pentelici.
738.-.4	Restoration of fossil shark. Carcharodon megalodon. Basal Miocene South Carolina. 60 ft. in length.
738.-.5	Lower Miocene entolodont, Dynohyus hollandi. Agate Spring Quarry, Sioux County, Nebraska.
738.-.6	Blastomeryx. Two views of one mount in Peabody Museum, Yale. An U. Miocene hornless deer with canines allying it to the ancient pigs. Earliest of the Cervidae, possibly ancestral to the giraffes. The 2d and 3d toes fused, 1 and 4 present but functionless. 1 and 4 are absent entirely in living deer.
PLIOCENE VERTEBRATES
743.-.1	Pliocene glyptodont; Glyptotherium texanum with Armadillo. Texas.
743.-.2	Teleoceras fossiger, restoration by Knight. Pliocene. “Republican River Beds”. Phillips County, N.W. Kansas.
PETRIFIED FOREST, CALISTOGA, CALIFORNIA, UPPER TERTIARY.
744.B.1	Petrified forest in acid Tuff. Sequoia close to or identical with living S. sempervirens. Calistoga, 80 miles north of San Francisco.
744.B.2	Petrified forest in acid Tuff. Sequoia close to or identical with living S. sempervirens. Calistoga, 80 miles north of San Francisco.
744.B.3	Petrified forest in acid Tuff. Sequoia close to or identical with living S. sempervirens. Calistoga, 80 miles north of San Francisco.
744.B.4	Petrified forest in acid Tuff. Sequoia close to or identical with living S. sempervirens. Calistoga, 80 miles north of San Francisco.
PLEISTOCENE ROCKS AND HISTORY
746.A.1	North America at the maximum stage of glaciation.
746.A.2	Transferred to 746.C.1
746.A.3	Model of the United States showing Pleistocene Ice sheets.
746.A.4	Moraines of the Great Lakes.
GREAT LAKES (Also see under 1022.C. Lake History, Cleveland Region.)
746.B.1	Very early stages of glacial lakes Duluth, Chicago and Maumee.
746.B.2	A later stage of Lakes Chicago and Maumee.
746.B.3	Lakes Chicago, Saginaw, and Whittlesey.
746.B.4	Lake Warren.
746.B.5	Lakes Algonquin and Iroquois.
746.B.6	Nipissing Great Lakes and Champlain Sea.
746.B.7	Lake Whittlesey.
746.B.8	Lake Warren.
746.B.9	Lake Lundy.
746.B.10	All stages in the history of Lake Erie, altitudes for western end of Lake.
746.B.11	Retreatal stages of edge of ice from thumb of Lake Michigan, showing causes of falling lake levels from highest Maumee to Lake Lundy.
EUROPE
746.C.1	Europe and Asia at the maximum stage of glaciation.
746.C.2	The maximum extension of high standing Europe in late Pliocene and Pleistocene interglacial times (Obermeyer)
746.C.3	Europe during the second glacial epoch or Mindel of maximum glaciation. (Geikie and Sederholm)
746.C.4	Europe during the third glacial epoch, or Riss.
746.C.5	Europe during the fourth glacial epoch or Wurm.
746.C.6	Europe during the fourth glacial epoch or Wurm. Same as 746.C.5, but not as good.
746.C.7	Snowlines of the four principal glacial epochs along profile shown on accompanying maps of epochs.
746.C.8	Table correlating glacial epochs of United States and Europe, human and cultural remains.
PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATES
748.-.1	Mastodon Americanus, Pleistocene, United States.
748.-.2	Pleistocene Mammoth, from the frozen gravels of N. Siberia. Elephas primigenius.
748.-.3	Wooly rhinoceras, Pleistocene of Europe. Contemporary with early man.
748.-.4	Maps showing Pleistocene extinction of elephants, horses and rhinocerases.
748.-.5	Cervus giganteus, Pleistocene and post Pleistocene. Lived until perhaps 5000 or 10000 years ago. Irish Peat Bogs.
748.-.6	Pleistocene tiger. Brazil. Smilodon neactor. B.
748.-.7	Smilodon neogaeus, Pleistocene, South America.
748.-.8	Pleistocene edentate; Glyptodon clavipes; South America.
748.-.9	Pleistocene sloth; South America. Sceledotherium leptocephalus.
748.-.10	Pleistocene edentate; Megatherium cuvieri.
748.-.11	Pleistocene birds; Madagascar Dinornis giganteus; Aptomis didiformis.
748.-.12	Moa, Pleistocene, New Zealand. Dinornis elephantosis, Owen. Probably living up to a few hundred years ago. Walking bird 8 ft. tall.
748.-.13	Beresoveska mammoth, found frozen in gravels and ice of N.E. Siberia.
748.-.14	Cohoes mastodon. Restoration. N.Y. State Museum, Albany, N.Y.
748.-.15	Giants (“Reisen”) of Athanasius Kircher. A first attempt to reconstruct the ancient animals, largely mammoth, which left large bones in the rocks of the earth.
748.-.16	Distribution in Europe of the hairy mammoth, Elephas primigenius. Late Pleistocene, possibly early post pleistocene.
748.-.17	Map showing distribution of the Elephant in Europe.
748.-.18	Pleistocene. Table showing faunas of various ecological character in Europe.
748.-.19	Wooly Rhinoceros, Diserorhinus antiquitatus, carcas with skin, as found in asphalt deposits in Starunia Oil Field, Poland, 1929.
748.-.20	Nothrotherium of shastense, nearly full grown, partly mummified body from bat guano in cave. (see slide 748.-.21). Bones held in articulation by sinews; horny claws still present; patches of hide with traces of hair on head and pelvis. Food ball shows what it lived on. this species is also known from Rancho la Brea. Specimen in Peabody Museum of Yale.
748.-.21	Cave trap in fumarole of very recent volcanic lavas, where was found the skeleton (with some hide, hair, and dung) of Nothrotherium shastensis (slide 748.-.20) 100 ft. below the surface embedded in bat guano, Aden Crater, Dona Ana Co., New Mex. (N.W. of El Paso.) A. View of Aden Crater. B. Looking west into the crater through the breach in the eastern wall of the rim. C. opening of the sloth pit looking obliquely downward from thne south side of the breach.
LATE PLEISTOCENE — EARLY QUATERNARY VERTEBRATES.
Tar Pits, Rancho-le-Brea, Los Angeles, California.
748.B.1	Asphalt “mound”, possibly covering a deposit of fossils.
748.B.2	“The Lake,” excavation where fossils were first found.
748.B.3	General view of fossil-bed locality.
748.B.4	Pits 61 and 67. Looking northwest over “pond”.
748.B.5	Pits 61 and 67, nearly excavated. Looking northeast.
748.B.6	Pit 4, worked out and abandoned. Oil accumulating.
748.B.7	Jack Rabbit caught in oil 1/2 inch deep.
748.B.8	Imperial Elephant (Elephas imperator)
748.B.9	Giant Ground Sloth (Mylodon harlani harlani)
748.B.10	Saber-tooth (Smilodon californicus)
748.B.11	Giant Wolf (Aenocyon dirus)
748.B.12	Fossil Tree (Cupressus macnabianus), from Pit 3.
748.B.13	The cheif animals from Rancho la Brea pits, to show the character of the fauna.
748.B.14	Rancho la Brea tar pool as reconstructed in the American Museum N.Y. City. Sabre tooth tiger (Smilodon) trapped while feeding on great sloth (Mylodon) Dire wolf (Aenocyon) next. 60 ground sloths were so trapped, 2000 sabre tooths and 3000 wolves.
748.B.15	Rancho la Brea Tar Pool. Restoration by Bruce Horsefall for W.B. Scott. Dire wolves trapped while feeding on Mastodon. Sabre tooth next. Condors waiting their turn on McNabb’s cypress. 2000 sabre tooths were so trapped, and 3000 wolves.
748.B.16	Rancho la Brea Tar Pool. Restoration by Chas. R. Knight for Amer. Mus. (N.Y.) mural decorations 9′ by 12′ in hall of the Age of Man. One sloth (Mylodon) trapped, two guarding against Sabre Tooth. Condors waiting on McNabb’s cypress. In the rear of pool which has yeilded much elephant material. San Gabriel range with Mt. Lowe center and Mt. Wilson at right of erect sloth. Old Baldy at right.
748.B.17	Rancho la Brea. Restoration by Chas. R. Knight. Mural for Amer. Museum Hall of Man. Coast Range in back ground, Old Baldy at left.
748.B.18	Rancho la Brea. Restoration of fauna by Chas. R. Knight. Mural for American Museum of Natural History Hall of Man. The Camel-llama stalked by the giant cat (Felis atrox bebbi) (not the Sabre tooth) Western wild horses in distance.
THE JOHNSTOWN, OHIO, MASTODON
748.C.1	Pit 6 feet deep in peat from which mastodon was removed. In bottom of a shallow depression, once a natural pond over which the owner skated when a boy. Peat full of logs and spruce or hemlock cones. Johnstown, Ohio, 1927.
748.C.2	Head of Johnstown mastodon as found, embedded in peat, 2 feet below surface.
748.C.3	Pelvis of Johnstown mastodon as found embedded in peat.
748.C.4	Leg and foot bones of Johnstown mastodon in place in peat.
748.C.5	Removing head of Johnstown mastodon from discovery pit.
748.C.6	Johnstown mastodon bones unassembled as exhibited at Johnstown.
748.C.7	Slide withdrawn from collection.
748.C.8	Left tusk of Johnstown mastodon, as recovered in fragments. Tip is on table at back.
748.C.9	Tusk of Johnstown mastodon fully assembled. (Bungart at right, who set the mastodon up.)
748.C.10	The Johnstown mastodon, now in Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Found at Johnstown, Ohio, 25 mi, northeast of Columbus, Aug. 1926. The tusks here used are artificial and have been replaced by the real ones.
748.C.11	Johnstown mastodon from above, showing broken, healed ribs of left side, and nick in upper part of pelvis (occupied by knotted rope) where torn open by an antagonist.
748.C.12	Johnstown mastodon, from above, viewed straight backward along back bone, showning wound on left side of animal (right of picture) and sigmoid curvature of back bone due to uncompensated muscle strain after wounding.
748.C.13	Johnstown mastodon, back bone from left side of animal. Pelvis at left. Before ribs were put on, showing upward curve of back bone, distorted vertebra, and bony scar tissue on under side.
748.C.14	Lower jaw, Johnstown mastodon, showing old pine or spruce gum in protected pits between cusps of back teeth. (The mastodon lived on spruce and hemlock twigs, in part at least.)
748.C.15	Lower jaw, Johnstown mastodon, showing old pine or spruce gum in protected pits between cusps of back teeth. (The mastodon lived on spruce and hemlock twigs, in part at least.)
748.C.16	The shallow peat filled depression with the hole from which the Johnstown mastodon was taken.
THE WARREN MASTODON
748.D.1	The Warren Mastodon was found in Peat bog, near Newburg, New York, as first set up about 1845.
748.D.2	The Warren Mastodon as set up in the Warren Museum, Boston, Mass.
748.D.3	The Warren Mastodon as first set up in the American Museum of Natural History.
748.D.4	The Warren Mastodon as finally set up in the American Museum of Natural History.
748.D.5	Restoration of Mastodon Americanus, Chas. R. Knight, American Museum of Natural History. Detail of Mural Hall of Man.
THE CLEVELAND MAMMOTH
748.E.1	Cleveland mammoth. Site of find of young lower jaw in sewer trench, 40th St., north of Euclid Ave., 22 feet below the surface and in sands beneath the Warren beach (on which the house stands). View in looking S.E. toward Euclid Ave. Found in 1909.
748.E.2	Cleveland Mammoth, Now in Dept. of Biology, W.R.U. Side view of jaw.
748.E.3	Cleveland Mammoth, Now in Dept. of Biology, W.R.U. Top view.