Mechanical Disintegration  |  Box-Canyon Formation, Kentucky  |  “Rock City” Type. Lancaster, Ohio  |  Chemical Disintegration  |  Organisms  |  Residual Soil  |  Landslides  |  Wind Erosion  |  Sand Dunes  |  Loess  |  Precipitation

MECHANICAL DISINTEGRATION

1.1 Exfoliation of Edwards Limestone under semi-arid conditions. Chalk draw, Brewster Co., Tex.
1.2 “The Buttress” Type of outcrop produced by exfoliatin of Edwards Limest. Chalk Draw, Brewster Co., Tex.
1.3 Buttress outcrops, exfoliation of Edwards Limest. under semi-arid conditions Chalk Draw, Brewster Co., Tex
1.4 Weathering of Edwards Limest. in bed of streamlet to form water basins, a usual form in semi-arid regions. Brewster Co., Tex.
1.5 Disintegration of basalt by exfoliation and splitting 80 Mi. S. Alpine. Semi-arid conditions. Brewster Co., Tex.
1.6 Disintegration of basalt under semi-arid conditions by splitting (corners) and exfoliation, Brewster Co., Tex.
1.7 Residual boulders of basalt formed by splitting and exfoliation under semi-arid conditions. Brewster Co., Tex.
1.8 Mechanical disintegration of limestone bed, directed by joints; 1st of series of three. Semi-arid conditions. Brewster Co. Tex.
1.9 Mechanical disintegration (bedding is nearly horizontal) of limestone under semi-arid conditions. 2nd of three in series. Brewster Co. Tex.
1.10 Mechanical disintegration of limestone under semi-arid conditions. Bedding is nearly horizontal. 3rd of three in series. Brewster Co., tex.
1.11 Granite boulders from disintegration of massive granite, Sierra Nevada, west of Big Pine, Inyo Co., Cal.
1.12 Basalt showing chemical as well as mechanical disintegration. Brewster Co., Tex.
1.13 Weathering of trap rock, Nile Cataracts.
1.14 Weathering of quartzite, California.
1.15 Castle Rock, between Woods Bay and Lynton, Devonshire, Englad, Rock weathering on cliff.
1.16 Talus slopes, Mt. Sneffels, Colorado.
1.17 Talus slope at timber line, Pikes Peak Trail.
1.18 Talus material, Mt. of the Holy Cross, Colorado.
1.19 Shattered granite crest of the Sierra Nevada, 6 miles SE of Tower Peak, Tolumne Co., Cal.
1.20 Arid climate weathering, Triassic Sandstone, Garden of the Gods, Colorado.
1.21 Dry climate weathering, Monument Park, Colorado.
1.22 Dry climate weathering, Tower of Babel, Garden of the Gods, Colorado.
1.23 Eagle rock, Garden of the Gods, Colorado.
1.24 Cathedral Spires, Garden of the Gods, Colorado.
1.25 Balanced Rock, Garden of the Gods, Colorado.
1.26 Garden of the Gods, Colorado.
1.27 Weathering of Kingsbury Conglom., east slope Big Horn Mts., near Buffalo, Wyo.
1.28 Talus Cone, south fork of Stinking-water, Wyoming.
1.29 Dry climate weathering, Cathedral Spires, Garden of the Gods, Colorado.
1.30 South dome, Yosemite Valley, California.
1.31 South dome, Yosemite Valley, California.
1.32 El Capitan, Yosemite Valley, California.
1.33 El Capitan, looking SE Yosemite Valley, Cal.
1.34 Nevada Falls, Yosemite Valley, Cal.
1.35 The Sentinel, Yosemite Valley, Cal.
1.36 Cathedral Spires, Yosemite Valley, Cal.
1.37 Cathedral Spires, Yosemite Valley, Cal.
1.38 Perched boulder, near Jura Lake, Mono Valley, California.
1. .39 Rainbow Natural Bridge, Kayenta, Ariz. Formed by mechanical weathering in Triassic sandstone.
1. .40 Rainbow Natural Bridge, Kayenta, Ariz. Formed by mechanical weathering in Triassic sandstone.
1. .41 Rainbow Natural Bridge, Kayenta, Ariz. Formed by mechanical weathering in Triassic sandstone.

BOX-CANYON FORMATION, KENTUCKY

1.B.1 Rock house at head of box-canyon. Exfoliation at base of Corbin sandstone more rapid than weathering of underlying shale, Torrent, Wolfe Co., Ky.
1.B.2 Rock house at head of box-canyon. Exfoliation at base of Corbin standstone; shows residual sandstone breccia resting on projecting bench of underlying shale. Torrent, Wolfe Co., Ky.
1.B.3 Rock house. Base of Corbin sandstone (Pennsylvanian) weathering more rapidly than underlying shale. Torrent, Wolfe Co., Ky
1.B.4 Rock house at head of box-canyon. Exfoliation forming residual sandstone breccia at base of Corbin sandstone on projecting shelf of underlying shale. Torrent, Wolfe Co., Ky.
1.B.5 Exfoliation forming residual sandstone breccia at base of Corbin sandstone on projecting shelf of underlying shale, groundwater action; unsupported sandstone blocks falling from above the weathered zone. torrent, Wolfe Co., Ky.
1.B.6 Ground-water action. Residual breccias formed by exfoliation at base of Corbin sandstone. Torrent, Wolfe Co., Ky.
1.B.7 Two rock houses on valley wall, formed by concentration of groundwater beneath two small streamslets and exfoliation at base of Corbin sandstone Torrent, Wolfe Co., Ky.
1.B.8 Corbin sandstone (Pennsylvanian) showing crossbedding to the southwest. An incipient rock house. Torrent, Wolfe Co., Ky.
1.B.9 Corbin sandstone (Pennsylvanian). Incipient rock house formed under small streamlet by ground-water concentration and exfoliation of base of sandstone. Torrent, Wolfe Co., Ky.
1.B.10 Nearly complete dissection of the Allegheny Plateau where underlain by Corbin sandstone. Box-canyon topography. Torrent, Wolfe Co., Ky.
1.B.11 Mature dissection of Allegheny Plateau in Corbin sandstone of Pennsylvanian. Shows also abrupt increase in thickness of sandstone by addition to top from left to right. Graining Block Creek, Wolfe Co., Ky., north of Torrent.
1.B.12 Mature dissection of Alleghent Plateau in Corbin sandstone. (Pennsylvanian) Walker Creek, Lee Co., Ky., south of Torrent.

“ROCK CITY” TYPE. LANCASTER, OHIO

1.C.1 Joint widening in sandstone of the “rock city” type, by slipping of joint blocks under gravity and by sight deflation. Black Hand Formation, Christmas Rocks, Lancaster, Ohio.
1.C.2 Joint widening in sandstone of the “rock city” type, by slipping of joint blocks under gravity and by slight deflation. Black Hand Formation, Christmas Rocks, Lancaster, Ohio.
1.C.3 Joint widening in sandstone of the “rock city” type, by slipping of joint blocks under gravity and by slight deflation. Black Hand Formation, Christmas Rocks, Lancaster, Ohio.

CHEMICAL DISINTEGRATION

3. .1 Exfoliation granite; crest of Sierra Nevada, 3 mi. south of Raymond Peak, Markleville Atlas sheet.
3. .2 Weathering of granite. Maryland.

ORGANISMS

5. .1 Tree splitting granite boulder; Cape Ann, Mass.

RESIDUAL SOIL

7. .1 Fields of residual clay, near Natural Bridge, Virginia.
7. .2 Creep in shales, by Pennsylvania R.R., Columbia, Lancaster Co., Penna (slide broken)
7. .3 Residual aoil. Wadesborough, North Carolina.

LANDSLIDES

9. .1 Landslide north of Morel, near Zermatt, Switzerland, on Valley of of the Visp (slide discarded)
9. .2 Landslide area, north side of Horse Gulch, Rico Mts., Colorado.
9. .3 Landslide sink. Sink is just at summit of a landslide. Near Telescope Mountain, Colorado.
9. .4 Landslide topography in contrast to mountain cliffs above. Telescope Mountain, Rico Mountains, Colorado.
9. .5 Land slip on lake front; Pennsylvania R.R. freight depot, Cleveland, O.
9. .6 Torrential landslide du Riou Bourdou, Ubaye.
9. .7 Avalance tracks. Montana.

WIND EROSION

13. .1 Wind erosion in rhyolite. Mono Valley, California.

SAND DUNES

17. .1 Wind ripples in the sand near entrance to Golden Gate Park, Sand Francisco, California.
17. 2 Crescentic dunes and wind ripples sands. Hungary.
17. .3 Sleeping Bear Bluff, Lake Michigan sand dunes.
17. .4 Sand dunes, South Manitou Island, Michigan.
17. .5 Structure of wind-blown sands in dune. Wind ripples. Ipswich, Mass.
17. .6 Protective action of sumac bush. White sands of New Mexico.
17. .7 Dominant winds with temporary opposing winds; dune surfaces in Algerian Sahara.
17. .8 Village overwhelmed by dunes; fences unable to stop sand drift. Biggs, Ore.
17. .9 Planting grass to stop the drifting of sand dunes. Provincetown, Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
17. .10 Dunes at Ipswich, Massachussetts.
17. .11 Sand dunes at Coffins Beach, Cape Ann, Massachusetts.
17. .12 Sand dunes at Coffins Beach, Cape Ann, Massachusetts.
17. .13 Sand dunes at Coffins Beach, Cape Ann, Massachusetts.
17. .14 Dune dammed pond. Cape Ann, Massachusetts.

LOESS

21. .1 Bluff of high, level loess, overlying limestone. Kansas City, Mo.
21. .2 Loess against mountainside with habitations. Shiwantsee, China.
21. .3 House excavated in Loess, Shiwantsee, China.

PRECIPITATION

25. .1 72-hour rainfall over Ohio, March 24-26, 1913. Coming on previously saturated ground, it all ran off and caused the March 1913 floods. Source: C.E. Sherman, The Ohio Water Problem, p. 9. Negative: The Ohio Commercial Photograph Co.
25. .2 72-hour rainfall over Ohio, October 5-7, 1910. Coming at end of summer ground was ready to absorb most of it and no serious floods were experienced.
25. .3 Four 3-day (72-hour) rains over Ohio.
25. .4 Ninety minute rainstorm near Cambridge, Ohio, July 16, 1914.
25. .5 Three day rainfall map of Ohio Valley storm, October 4-6, 1910.
25. .6 Three day rainfall map of storm over the Carolinas. July 14-16, 1916.